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  citation-key: AggarwalGeneral2008
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    - family: Yu
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  language: en
  page: 11-52
  publisher: Springer US
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- id: BerkArtificial2021
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  publisher: Annual Reviews
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- id: BurrellHow2016
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- id: DresselAccuracy2018
  accessed:
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      day: 28
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      given: Julia
    - family: Farid
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  publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
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- id: DuttaThere2020
  accessed:
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      month: 4
      day: 21
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  issued:
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      month: 11
      day: 21
  language: en
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  publisher: PMLR
  title: >-
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- id: DworkFairness2012
  accessed:
    - year: 2016
      month: 9
      day: 8
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      given: Moritz
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  page: 214–226
  publisher: ACM
  publisher-place: New York, NY, USA
  title: Fairness Through Awareness
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- id: FeldmanCertifying2015
  accessed:
    - year: 2016
      month: 9
      day: 8
  author:
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      given: Michael
    - family: Friedler
      given: Sorelle A.
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      given: Carlos
    - family: Venkatasubramanian
      given: Suresh
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  page: 259–268
  publisher: ACM
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  title: Certifying and Removing Disparate Impact
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- id: GhorbaniData2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2023
      month: 12
      day: 22
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      given: Amirata
    - family: Zou
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  DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.1904.02868
  issued:
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      month: 6
      day: 10
  number: arXiv:1904.02868
  publisher: arXiv
  title: 'Data Shapley: Equitable Valuation of Data for Machine Learning'
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- id: GopalanLoss2022
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    - year: 2023
      month: 3
      day: 12
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      given: Parikshit
    - family: Hu
      given: Lunjia
    - family: Kim
      given: Michael P.
    - family: Reingold
      given: Omer
    - family: Wieder
      given: Udi
  citation-key: GopalanLoss2022
  DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2210.08649
  issued:
    - year: 2022
      month: 12
      day: 8
  number: arXiv:2210.08649
  publisher: arXiv
  title: Loss Minimization through the Lens of Outcome Indistinguishability
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- id: HamaModel2022
  accessed:
    - year: 2023
      month: 2
      day: 1
  author:
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      given: Naofumi
    - family: Mase
      given: Masayoshi
    - family: Owen
      given: Art B.
  citation-key: HamaModel2022
  DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2211.08414
  issued:
    - year: 2022
      month: 11
      day: 15
  number: arXiv:2211.08414
  publisher: arXiv
  title: Model free Shapley values for high dimensional data
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- id: HardtEquality2016
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      month: 7
      day: 22
  author:
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    - family: Price
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    - family: Srebro
      given: Nati
  citation-key: HardtEquality2016
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
  issued:
    - year: 2016
  page: 3315–3323
  title: Equality of opportunity in supervised learning
  type: paper-conference
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- id: HardtPatterns2021
  accessed:
    - year: 2021
      month: 2
      day: 21
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      given: Moritz
    - family: Recht
      given: Benjamin
  citation-key: HardtPatterns2021
  container-title: arXiv:2102.05242 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2021
      month: 2
      day: 9
  title: 'Patterns, predictions, and actions: A story about machine learning'
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- id: HeddenStatistical2021
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 4
      day: 21
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  citation-key: HeddenStatistical2021
  container-title: Philosophy & Public Affairs
  DOI: 10.1111/papa.12189
  ISSN: 1088-4963
  issue: '2'
  issued:
    - year: 2021
  language: en
  page: 209-231
  title: On statistical criteria of algorithmic fairness
  type: article-journal
  URL: https://philpapers.org/archive/HEDOSC.pdf
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- id: HidalgoHow2021
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      given: César A.
    - family: Orghian
      given: Diana
    - family: Albo Canals
      given: Jordi
    - family: Almeida
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      non-dropping-particle: de
    - family: Martín Cantero
      given: Natalia
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  citation-key: HidalgoHow2021
  event-place: Cambridge, Massachusetts
  ISBN: 978-0-262-04552-0
  issued:
    - year: 2021
  publisher: The MIT Press
  publisher-place: Cambridge, Massachusetts
  title: How humans judge machines
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- id: HutterFairness2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 4
      day: 21
  author:
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      given: Marcus
  citation-key: HutterFairness2019
  container-title: arXiv:1907.05159 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2019
      month: 7
      day: 11
  language: en
  title: Fairness without Regret
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.05159

- id: KarimiSurvey2021
  accessed:
    - year: 2023
      month: 5
      day: 16
  author:
    - family: Karimi
      given: Amir-Hossein
    - family: Barthe
      given: Gilles
    - family: Schölkopf
      given: Bernhard
    - family: Valera
      given: Isabel
  citation-key: KarimiSurvey2021
  DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2010.04050
  issued:
    - year: 2021
      month: 3
      day: 1
  number: arXiv:2010.04050
  publisher: arXiv
  title: >-
    A survey of algorithmic recourse: definitions, formulations, solutions, and
    prospects
  type: article
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04050

- id: KilbertusAvoiding2017
  accessed:
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      month: 8
      day: 25
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      given: Niki
    - family: Rojas Carulla
      given: Mateo
    - family: Parascandolo
      given: Giambattista
    - family: Hardt
      given: Moritz
    - family: Janzing
      given: Dominik
    - family: Schölkopf
      given: Bernhard
  citation-key: KilbertusAvoiding2017
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30
  editor:
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      given: I.
    - family: Luxburg
      given: U. V.
    - family: Bengio
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    - family: Wallach
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    - family: Fergus
      given: R.
    - family: Vishwanathan
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    - family: Garnett
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  issued:
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  page: 656–666
  publisher: Curran Associates, Inc.
  title: Avoiding Discrimination through Causal Reasoning
  type: paper-conference
  URL: >-
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- id: KleinbergInherent2016
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    - year: 2018
      month: 11
      day: 29
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      given: Jon
    - family: Mullainathan
      given: Sendhil
    - family: Raghavan
      given: Manish
  citation-key: KleinbergInherent2016
  issued:
    - year: 2016
      month: 9
      day: 19
  language: en
  title: Inherent Trade-Offs in the Fair Determination of Risk Scores
  type: article-journal
  URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05807v1

- id: LauferCompounding2020
  accessed:
    - year: 2021
      month: 2
      day: 28
  author:
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      given: Benjamin
  citation-key: LauferCompounding2020
  container-title: arXiv:2005.13404 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2020
      month: 5
      day: 18
  title: 'Compounding Injustice: History and Prediction in Carceral Decision-Making'
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13404

- id: LauferFeedback2020
  accessed:
    - year: 2021
      month: 2
      day: 28
  author:
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      given: Benjamin
  citation-key: LauferFeedback2020
  container-title: arXiv:2011.14075 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2020
      month: 11
      day: 28
  title: Feedback Effects in Repeat-Use Criminal Risk Assessments
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  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.14075

- id: LiuAccuracy2020
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 4
      day: 21
  author:
    - family: Liu
      given: Suyun
    - family: Vicente
      given: Luis Nunes
  citation-key: LiuAccuracy2020
  DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2008.01132
  issued:
    - year: 2020
      month: 8
      day: 3
  language: en
  title: >-
    Accuracy and Fairness Trade-offs in Machine Learning: A Stochastic
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  URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.01132v3

- id: LoiPeople2021
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    - year: 2022
      month: 4
      day: 21
  author:
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      given: Michele
    - family: Viganò
      given: Eleonora
    - family: Hertweck
      given: Corinna
    - family: Heitz
      given: Christoph
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  event-place: Rochester, NY
  genre: SSRN Scholarly Paper
  issued:
    - year: 2021
      month: 6
      day: 1
  language: en
  number: '3857889'
  publisher: Social Science Research Network
  publisher-place: Rochester, NY
  title: 'People are Not Coins: A Reply to Hedden.'
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- id: LundbergLocal2020
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    - year: 2023
      month: 12
      day: 22
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    - family: Erion
      given: Gabriel
    - family: Chen
      given: Hugh
    - family: DeGrave
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    - family: Katz
      given: Ronit
    - family: Himmelfarb
      given: Jonathan
    - family: Bansal
      given: Nisha
    - family: Lee
      given: Su-In
  citation-key: LundbergLocal2020
  container-title: Nature Machine Intelligence
  container-title-short: Nat Mach Intell
  DOI: 10.1038/s42256-019-0138-9
  ISSN: 2522-5839
  issue: '1'
  issued:
    - year: 2020
      month: 1
  language: en
  number: '1'
  page: 56-67
  publisher: Nature Publishing Group
  title: >-
    From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for
    trees
  type: article-journal
  URL: https://rdcu.be/b0z70
  volume: '2'

- id: LundbergUnified2017
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 7
      day: 9
  author:
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      given: Scott M
    - family: Lee
      given: Su-In
  citation-key: LundbergUnified2017
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
  issued:
    - year: 2017
  publisher: Curran Associates, Inc.
  title: A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions
  type: paper-conference
  URL: >-
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  volume: '30'

- id: MenonCost2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 4
      day: 21
  author:
    - family: Menon
      given: Aditya Krishna
    - family: Williamson
      given: Robert C.
  citation-key: MenonCost2018
  container-title: >-
    Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and
    Transparency
  event-title: Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency
  ISSN: 2640-3498
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 1
      day: 21
  language: en
  page: 107-118
  publisher: PMLR
  title: The cost of fairness in binary classification
  type: paper-conference
  URL: https://openreview.net/forum?id=u3bYrXH1W97

- id: MiconiImpossibility2017
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 11
      day: 29
  author:
    - family: Miconi
      given: Thomas
  citation-key: MiconiImpossibility2017
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 7
      day: 5
  language: en
  title: >-
    The impossibility of "fairness": a generalized impossibility result for
    decisions
  type: article-journal
  URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.01195

- id: MishlerFADE2021
  accessed:
    - year: 2021
      month: 10
      day: 26
  author:
    - family: Mishler
      given: Alan
    - family: Kennedy
      given: Edward
  citation-key: MishlerFADE2021
  container-title: arXiv:2109.00173 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2021
      month: 8
      day: 31
  title: >-
    FADE: FAir Double Ensemble Learning for Observable and Counterfactual
    Outcomes
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.00173

- id: ONeilWeapons2017
  author:
    - family: O’Neil
      given: Cathy
  citation-key: ONeilWeapons2017
  edition: Reprint edition
  event-place: New York
  ISBN: 978-0-553-41883-5
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 9
      day: 5
  language: English
  number-of-pages: '288'
  publisher: Broadway Books
  publisher-place: New York
  title: >-
    Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens
    Democracy
  type: book
  URL: >-
    https://vsahil.github.io/files/papers/Fairness_Definitions_Explained_2018.pdf

- id: ParkesAlgorithmic2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2021
      month: 2
      day: 28
  author:
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      given: David C.
    - family: Vohra
      given: Rakesh V.
    - family: participants
      given: other
      dropping-particle: workshop
  citation-key: ParkesAlgorithmic2019
  container-title: arXiv:1909.05282 [cs]
  issued:
    - year: 2019
      month: 9
      day: 11
  title: Algorithmic and Economic Perspectives on Fairness
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05282

- id: PleissFairness2017
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    - year: 2017
      month: 9
      day: 12
  author:
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    - family: Raghavan
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    - family: Wu
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    - family: Kleinberg
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    - family: Weinberger
      given: Kilian Q.
  citation-key: PleissFairness2017
  container-title: Advances In Neural Information Processing Systems
  event-title: NIPS
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 9
      day: 6
  title: On Fairness and Calibration
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1709.02012

- id: RaghavanSocietal2021
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 8
      day: 1
  author:
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      given: Manish
  citation-key: RaghavanSocietal2021
  DOI: 10.7298/eewn-0e35
  issued:
    - year: 2021
      month: 8
  language: en
  publisher: Cornell University Library
  title: The Societal Impacts of Algorithmic Decision-Making
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  URL: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/110626

- id: SweeneyDiscrimination2013
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      day: 8
  author:
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      given: Latanya
  citation-key: SweeneyDiscrimination2013
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  ISSN: 1542-7730
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    - year: 2013
      month: 3
  page: 10:10–10:29
  title: Discrimination in Online Ad Delivery
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- id: VenkatasubramanianFairness2021
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      day: 26
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      given: Suresh
    - family: Scheidegger
      given: Carlos
    - family: Friedler
      given: Sorelle
    - family: Clauset
      given: Aaron
  citation-key: VenkatasubramanianFairness2021
  collection-title: KDD '21
  container-title: >-
    Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data
    Mining
  DOI: 10.1145/3447548.3470821
  event-place: New York, NY, USA
  ISBN: 978-1-4503-8332-5
  issued:
    - year: 2021
      month: 8
      day: 14
  page: 4078–4079
  publisher: Association for Computing Machinery
  publisher-place: New York, NY, USA
  title: 'Fairness in Networks: Social Capital, Information Access, and Interventions'
  type: paper-conference

- id: VermaFairness2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 4
      day: 20
  author:
    - family: Verma
      given: Sahil
    - family: Rubin
      given: Julia
  citation-key: VermaFairness2018
  collection-title: FairWare '18
  container-title: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software Fairness
  DOI: 10.1145/3194770.3194776
  event-place: New York, NY, USA
  event-title: 2018 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Software Fairness (FairWare)
  ISBN: 978-1-4503-5746-3
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 5
      day: 29
  page: 1–7
  publisher: Association for Computing Machinery
  publisher-place: New York, NY, USA
  title: Fairness definitions explained
  type: paper-conference
  URL: >-
    https://vsahil.github.io/files/papers/Fairness_Definitions_Explained_2018.pdf

- id: WangUnderstanding2021
  accessed:
    - year: 2022
      month: 4
      day: 21
  author:
    - family: Wang
      given: Yuyan
    - family: Wang
      given: Xuezhi
    - family: Beutel
      given: Alex
    - family: Prost
      given: Flavien
    - family: Chen
      given: Jilin
    - family: Chi
      given: Ed H.
  citation-key: WangUnderstanding2021
  container-title: >-
    Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data
    Mining
  DOI: 10.1145/3447548.3467326
  event-place: Virtual Event Singapore
  event-title: >-
    KDD '21: The 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data
    Mining
  ISBN: 978-1-4503-8332-5
  issued:
    - year: 2021
      month: 8
      day: 14
  language: en
  page: 1748-1757
  publisher: ACM
  publisher-place: Virtual Event Singapore
  title: >-
    Understanding and Improving Fairness-Accuracy Trade-offs in Multi-Task
    Learning
  type: paper-conference

- id: WisdomInterpretable2016
  author:
    - family: Wisdom
      given: Scott
    - family: Powers
      given: Thomas
    - family: Pitton
      given: James
    - family: Atlas
      given: Les
  citation-key: WisdomInterpretable2016
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29
  issued:
    - year: 2016
      month: 11
      day: 22
  title: Interpretable Recurrent Neural Networks Using Sequential Sparse Recovery
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07252

- id: WuAutomated2016
  author:
    - family: Wu
      given: Xiaolin
    - family: Zhang
      given: Xi
  citation-key: WuAutomated2016
  container-title: arXiv:1611.04135 [cs]
  issued:
    - year: 2016
      month: 11
      day: 13
  title: Automated Inference on Criminality using Face Images
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04135

- id: ZemelLearning2013
  accessed:
    - year: 2016
      month: 9
      day: 8
  author:
    - family: Zemel
      given: Rich
    - family: Wu
      given: Yu
    - family: Swersky
      given: Kevin
    - family: Pitassi
      given: Toni
    - family: Dwork
      given: Cynthia
  citation-key: ZemelLearning2013
  container-title: >-
    Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Machine Learning
    (ICML-13)
  issued:
    - year: 2013
  page: 325–333
  title: Learning Fair Representations
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://machinelearning.wustl.edu/mlpapers/papers/icml2013_zemel13

- id: ZhaoConditional2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2020
      month: 3
      day: 22
  author:
    - family: Zhao
      given: Han
    - family: Coston
      given: Amanda
    - family: Adel
      given: Tameem
    - family: Gordon
      given: Geoffrey J.
  citation-key: ZhaoConditional2019
  event-title: International Conference on Learning Representations
  issued:
    - year: 2019
      month: 9
      day: 25
  title: Conditional Learning of Fair Representations
  type: paper-conference
  URL: https://openreview.net/forum?id=Hkekl0NFPr

- id: ZhaoInherent2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2020
      month: 3
      day: 22
  author:
    - family: Zhao
      given: Han
    - family: Gordon
      given: Geoffrey J.
  citation-key: ZhaoInherent2019
  container-title: arXiv:1906.08386 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2019
      month: 10
      day: 17
  language: en
  title: Inherent Tradeoffs in Learning Fair Representations
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08386
...
