---
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      given: Ehsan
    - family: Dick
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    - family: Hengel
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      dropping-particle: van den
  citation-key: AbbasnejadInfinite2016
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29
  issued:
    - year: 2016
      month: 11
      day: 23
  title: Infinite Variational Autoencoder for Semi-Supervised Learning
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- id: AmbrogioniWasserstein2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 8
      day: 12
  author:
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      non-dropping-particle: van
  citation-key: AmbrogioniWasserstein2018
  collection-title: NIPS'18
  container-title: >-
    Proceedings of the 32Nd International Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems
  event-place: Montréal, Canada
  issued:
    - year: 2018
  page: 2478–2487
  publisher: Curran Associates Inc.
  publisher-place: USA
  title: Wasserstein Variational Inference
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- id: ArjovskyWasserstein2017
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 9
      day: 24
  author:
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      given: Martin
    - family: Chintala
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      given: Léon
  citation-key: ArjovskyWasserstein2017
  container-title: International Conference on Machine Learning
  event-title: International Conference on Machine Learning
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 7
      day: 17
  language: en
  page: 214-223
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- id: BamlerStructured2017
  accessed:
    - year: 2017
      month: 8
      day: 11
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  container-title: arXiv:1707.01069 [cs, stat]
  issued:
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      month: 7
      day: 4
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- id: BoraCompressed2017
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  container-title: International Conference on Machine Learning
  event-title: International Conference on Machine Learning
  issued:
    - year: 2017
  page: 537–546
  title: Compressed Sensing using Generative Models
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- id: BowmanGenerating2015
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  issued:
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      month: 11
      day: 19
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- id: BurdaImportance2016
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      day: 2
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  event-title: ICLR (Poster)
  issued:
    - year: 2016
      month: 11
      day: 7
  language: en
  title: Importance Weighted Autoencoders
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- id: CateriniHamiltonian2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 10
      day: 2
  author:
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  citation-key: CateriniHamiltonian2018
  container-title: Advances in neural information processing systems
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 5
      day: 29
  language: en
  title: Hamiltonian Variational Auto-Encoder
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- id: ChenNeural2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 1
      day: 29
  author:
    - family: Chen
      given: Tian Qi
    - family: Rubanova
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  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31
  editor:
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  publisher: Curran Associates, Inc.
  title: Neural Ordinary Differential Equations
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- id: ChenVariational2016
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 3
  author:
    - family: Chen
      given: Xi
    - family: Kingma
      given: Diederik P.
    - family: Salimans
      given: Tim
    - family: Duan
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    - family: Dhariwal
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    - family: Abbeel
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  citation-key: ChenVariational2016
  container-title: PRoceedings of ICLR
  event-title: ICLR
  issued:
    - year: 2016
      month: 11
      day: 8
  title: Variational Lossy Autoencoder
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02731

- id: ChungRecurrent2015
  author:
    - family: Chung
      given: Junyoung
    - family: Kastner
      given: Kyle
    - family: Dinh
      given: Laurent
    - family: Goel
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    - family: Courville
      given: Aaron C
    - family: Bengio
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  citation-key: ChungRecurrent2015
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28
  editor:
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    - family: Lawrence
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  page: 2980–2988
  publisher: Curran Associates, Inc.
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- id: CremerInference2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 3
  author:
    - family: Cremer
      given: Chris
    - family: Li
      given: Xuechen
    - family: Duvenaud
      given: David
  citation-key: CremerInference2018
  container-title: arXiv:1801.03558 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 1
      day: 10
  title: Inference Suboptimality in Variational Autoencoders
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  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.03558

- id: CutajarRandom2017
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    - family: Cutajar
      given: Kurt
    - family: Bonilla
      given: Edwin V.
    - family: Michiardi
      given: Pietro
    - family: Filippone
      given: Maurizio
  citation-key: CutajarRandom2017
  container-title: PMLR
  event-title: International Conference on Machine Learning
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 7
      day: 17
  title: Random Feature Expansions for Deep Gaussian Processes
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- id: DupontAugmented2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 10
      day: 2
  author:
    - family: Dupont
      given: Emilien
    - family: Doucet
      given: Arnaud
    - family: Teh
      given: Yee Whye
  citation-key: DupontAugmented2019
  container-title: arXiv:1904.01681 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2019
      month: 4
      day: 2
  language: en
  title: Augmented Neural ODEs
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01681

- id: FabiusVariational2014
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 3
      day: 21
  author:
    - family: Fabius
      given: Otto
    - family: Amersfoort
      given: Joost R.
      non-dropping-particle: van
  citation-key: FabiusVariational2014
  container-title: Proceedings of ICLR
  issued:
    - year: 2014
      month: 12
      day: 19
  title: Variational Recurrent Auto-Encoders
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6581

- id: GarneloNeural2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 9
      day: 23
  author:
    - family: Garnelo
      given: Marta
    - family: Schwarz
      given: Jonathan
    - family: Rosenbaum
      given: Dan
    - family: Viola
      given: Fabio
    - family: Rezende
      given: Danilo J.
    - family: Eslami
      given: S. M. Ali
    - family: Teh
      given: Yee Whye
  citation-key: GarneloNeural2018
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 7
      day: 4
  language: en
  title: Neural Processes
  type: article-journal
  URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.01622v1

- id: GrathwohlFFJORD2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 9
      day: 23
  author:
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      given: Will
    - family: Chen
      given: Ricky T. Q.
    - family: Bettencourt
      given: Jesse
    - family: Sutskever
      given: Ilya
    - family: Duvenaud
      given: David
  citation-key: GrathwohlFFJORD2018
  container-title: arXiv:1810.01367 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 10
      day: 2
  title: >-
    FFJORD: Free-form Continuous Dynamics for Scalable Reversible Generative
    Models
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  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.01367

- id: HegdeDeep2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 10
      day: 11
  author:
    - family: Hegde
      given: Pashupati
    - family: Heinonen
      given: Markus
    - family: Lähdesmäki
      given: Harri
    - family: Kaski
      given: Samuel
  citation-key: HegdeDeep2018
  container-title: arXiv:1810.04066 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 10
      day: 9
  language: en
  title: Deep learning with differential Gaussian process flows
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04066

- id: HeLagging2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 1
      day: 22
  author:
    - family: He
      given: Junxian
    - family: Spokoyny
      given: Daniel
    - family: Neubig
      given: Graham
    - family: Berg-Kirkpatrick
      given: Taylor
  citation-key: HeLagging2019
  container-title: PRoceedings of ICLR
  event-title: Internation Conference on Learning Representations
  issued:
    - year: 2019
      month: 1
      day: 16
  title: >-
    Lagging Inference Networks and Posterior Collapse in Variational
    Autoencoders
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- id: HoffmanELBO2016
  author:
    - family: Hoffman
      given: Matthew D
    - family: Johnson
      given: Matthew J
  citation-key: HoffmanELBO2016
  container-title: Advances In Neural Information Processing Systems
  issued:
    - year: 2016
  language: en
  page: '4'
  title: >-
    ELBO surgery: yet another way to carve up the variational evidence lower
    bound
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://approximateinference.org/accepted/HoffmanJohnson2016.pdf

- id: HsuUnsupervised2017
  accessed:
    - year: 2017
      month: 10
      day: 3
  author:
    - family: Hsu
      given: Wei-Ning
    - family: Zhang
      given: Yu
    - family: Glass
      given: James
  citation-key: HsuUnsupervised2017
  container-title: arXiv:1709.07902 [cs, eess, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 9
      day: 22
  title: >-
    Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled and Interpretable Representations from
    Sequential Data
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  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1709.07902

- id: HuangNeural2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 4
  author:
    - family: Huang
      given: Chin-Wei
    - family: Krueger
      given: David
    - family: Lacoste
      given: Alexandre
    - family: Courville
      given: Aaron
  citation-key: HuangNeural2018
  container-title: arXiv:1804.00779 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 2
  title: Neural Autoregressive Flows
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.00779

- id: HusainPrimalDual2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2020
      month: 12
      day: 3
  author:
    - family: Husain
      given: Hisham
    - family: Nock
      given: Richard
    - family: Williamson
      given: Robert C.
  citation-key: HusainPrimalDual2019
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
  issued:
    - year: 2019
  language: en
  page: 415-424
  title: A Primal-Dual link between GANs and Autoencoders
  type: paper-conference
  URL: >-
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- id: HuUnifying2018
  accessed:
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      month: 6
      day: 7
  author:
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      given: Zhiting
    - family: Yang
      given: Zichao
    - family: Salakhutdinov
      given: Ruslan
    - family: Xing
      given: Eric P.
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  container-title: arXiv:1706.00550 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 7
      day: 11
  title: On Unifying Deep Generative Models
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00550

- id: KimSemiAmortized2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 3
  author:
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    - family: Wiseman
      given: Sam
    - family: Miller
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    - family: Sontag
      given: David
    - family: Rush
      given: Alexander M.
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  container-title: arXiv:1802.02550 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 2
      day: 7
  title: Semi-Amortized Variational Autoencoders
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02550

- id: KingmaAutoEncoding2014
  accessed:
    - year: 2016
      month: 8
      day: 23
  author:
    - family: Kingma
      given: Diederik P.
    - family: Welling
      given: Max
  citation-key: KingmaAutoEncoding2014
  container-title: ICLR 2014 conference
  issued:
    - year: 2014
  title: Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6114

- id: KingmaGlow2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 2
      day: 4
  author:
    - family: Kingma
      given: Durk P
    - family: Dhariwal
      given: Prafulla
  citation-key: KingmaGlow2018
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 31
  editor:
    - family: Bengio
      given: S.
    - family: Wallach
      given: H.
    - family: Larochelle
      given: H.
    - family: Grauman
      given: K.
    - family: Cesa-Bianchi
      given: N.
    - family: Garnett
      given: R.
  issued:
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  page: 10236–10245
  publisher: Curran Associates, Inc.
  title: 'Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutions'
  type: chapter
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- id: KingmaImproving2016
  author:
    - family: Kingma
      given: Diederik P.
    - family: Salimans
      given: Tim
    - family: Jozefowicz
      given: Rafal
    - family: Chen
      given: Xi
    - family: Sutskever
      given: Ilya
    - family: Welling
      given: Max
  citation-key: KingmaImproving2016
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29
  issued:
    - year: 2016
      month: 6
      day: 15
  publisher: Curran Associates, Inc.
  title: Improving Variational Inference with Inverse Autoregressive Flow
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.04934

- id: KingmaIntroduction2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2020
      month: 9
      day: 10
  author:
    - family: Kingma
      given: Diederik P.
    - family: Welling
      given: Max
  citation-key: KingmaIntroduction2019
  collection-title: Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning
  DOI: 10.1561/2200000056
  issued:
    - year: 2019
      month: 11
      day: 27
  language: English
  publisher: Now Publishers, Inc.
  title: An Introduction to Variational Autoencoders
  type: book
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02691
  volume: '12'

- id: KingmaVariational2015
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 3
  author:
    - family: Kingma
      given: Diederik P.
    - family: Salimans
      given: Tim
    - family: Welling
      given: Max
  citation-key: KingmaVariational2015
  collection-title: NIPS'15
  container-title: >-
    Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems - Volume 2
  event-place: Cambridge, MA, USA
  issued:
    - year: 2015
      month: 6
      day: 8
  page: 2575–2583
  publisher: MIT Press
  publisher-place: Cambridge, MA, USA
  title: Variational Dropout and the Local Reparameterization Trick
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02557

- id: KingmaVariational2017
  author:
    - family: Kingma
      given: Diederik P
  citation-key: KingmaVariational2017
  issued:
    - year: 2017
  title: 'Variational Inference & Deep Learning: A New Synthesis'
  type: thesis
  URL: https://www.dropbox.com/s/v6ua3d9yt44vgb3/cover_and_thesis.pdf?dl=0

- id: KnopCramerWold2020
  accessed:
    - year: 2020
      month: 9
      day: 17
  author:
    - family: Knop
      given: Szymon
    - family: Spurek
      given: Przemysław
    - family: Tabor
      given: Jacek
    - family: Podolak
      given: Igor
    - family: Mazur
      given: Marcin
    - family: Jastrzębski
      given: Stanisław
  citation-key: KnopCramerWold2020
  container-title: Journal of Machine Learning Research
  ISSN: 1533-7928
  issue: '164'
  issued:
    - year: 2020
  page: 1-28
  title: Cramer-Wold Auto-Encoder
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://jmlr.org/papers/v21/19-560.html
  volume: '21'

- id: LarsenAutoencoding2015
  accessed:
    - year: 2016
      month: 6
      day: 4
  author:
    - family: Larsen
      given: Anders Boesen Lindbo
    - family: Sønderby
      given: Søren Kaae
    - family: Larochelle
      given: Hugo
    - family: Winther
      given: Ole
  citation-key: LarsenAutoencoding2015
  container-title: arXiv:1512.09300 [cs, stat]
  issued:
    - year: 2015
      month: 12
      day: 31
  title: Autoencoding beyond pixels using a learned similarity metric
  type: article-journal
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.09300

- id: LeeAbility2017
  accessed:
    - year: 2017
      month: 7
      day: 18
  author:
    - family: Lee
      given: Holden
    - family: Ge
      given: Rong
    - family: Ma
      given: Tengyu
    - family: Risteski
      given: Andrej
    - family: Arora
      given: Sanjeev
  citation-key: LeeAbility2017
  container-title: arXiv:1702.07028 [cs]
  event-title: COLT
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 2
      day: 22
  title: On the ability of neural nets to express distributions
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.07028

- id: LiangVariational2018
  accessed:
    - year: 2021
      month: 6
      day: 16
  author:
    - family: Liang
      given: Dawen
    - family: Krishnan
      given: Rahul G.
    - family: Hoffman
      given: Matthew D.
    - family: Jebara
      given: Tony
  citation-key: LiangVariational2018
  collection-title: WWW '18
  container-title: Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference
  DOI: 10.1145/3178876.3186150
  event-place: Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE
  ISBN: 978-1-4503-5639-8
  issued:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 23
  page: 689–698
  publisher: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee
  publisher-place: Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE
  title: Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filtering
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.05814

- id: LouizosCausal2017
  accessed:
    - year: 2018
      month: 4
      day: 15
  author:
    - family: Louizos
      given: Christos
    - family: Shalit
      given: Uri
    - family: Mooij
      given: Joris M
    - family: Sontag
      given: David
    - family: Zemel
      given: Richard
    - family: Welling
      given: Max
  citation-key: LouizosCausal2017
  container-title: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30
  editor:
    - family: Guyon
      given: I.
    - family: Luxburg
      given: U. V.
    - family: Bengio
      given: S.
    - family: Wallach
      given: H.
    - family: Fergus
      given: R.
    - family: Vishwanathan
      given: S.
    - family: Garnett
      given: R.
  issued:
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  page: 6446–6456
  publisher: Curran Associates, Inc.
  title: Causal Effect Inference with Deep Latent-Variable Models
  type: paper-conference
  URL: >-
    http://papers.nips.cc/paper/7223-causal-effect-inference-with-deep-latent-variable-models.pdf

- id: LouizosMultiplicative2017
  author:
    - family: Louizos
      given: Christos
    - family: Welling
      given: Max
  citation-key: LouizosMultiplicative2017
  container-title: PMLR
  event-title: International Conference on Machine Learning
  issued:
    - year: 2017
      month: 7
      day: 17
  language: en
  page: 2218-2227
  title: Multiplicative Normalizing Flows for Variational Bayesian Neural Networks
  type: paper-conference
  URL: http://proceedings.mlr.press/v70/louizos17a.html

- id: LuoLearning2019
  accessed:
    - year: 2019
      month: 10
      day: 24
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    - family: Luo
      given: Yin-Jyun
    - family: Agres
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    - family: Herremans
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  citation-key: LuoLearning2019
  container-title: >-
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    - year: 2019
      month: 6
      day: 29
  title: >-
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- id: MathieuDisentangling2019
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    - year: 2020
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      day: 28
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    - family: Teh
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  container-title: International Conference on Machine Learning
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      month: 5
      day: 24
  language: en
  page: 4402-4412
  publisher: PMLR
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- id: NgGraph2019
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  event-title: NeurIPS 2019
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    - year: 2019
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      day: 17
  title: A Graph Autoencoder Approach to Causal Structure Learning
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- id: NgMasked2020
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      month: 2
      day: 17
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    - family: Liu
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  collection-title: CIKM '18
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      day: 15
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  citation-key: RezendeVariational2015
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  publisher: JMLR.org
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      day: 29
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      day: 20
  language: en
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      day: 13
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      day: 28
  title: >-
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      day: 17
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...
