Emancipating my tribe

Inclusivism and exclusivism in sacred and secular subcultures. Or, scaling up the in-group.

December 20, 2021 — November 1, 2022

communicating
cooperation
culture
economics
making things
mind
squad
wonk

Assumed audience:

People who feel righteous when they do the right thing

Figure 1

A placeholder. I hope to touch upon the idea that

  1. People work collectively, organising into tribes to address real and legitimate problems they face.
  2. The tribes will often be antagonistic, conformist, cruel or otherwise not a great way to run society at large.
  3. We should still address the real and legitimate problems on a large scale.
  4. It is important to distinguish between the dynamics of the tribe and the dynamics of the problem.

Connection to pluralism. Connection to Idle Kantianism.

Figure 2
Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and rightdoing,
there is a field; I’ll meet you there.
When the soul lies down in that grass,
the world is too full to talk about.

— did Rumi actually say this? It sounds like the kind of thing he would have.

1 Collectivism is mean

It is easy to romanticise collectivism, but we should remember the price we pay. Collectivist cultures tend to meanness, paranoia, and spite. To the extent that many subcultures have adopted collectivist modes to work together to lessen the burden of a dominant culture, they (which is to say, we) are likely to be vindictive.

In-group vigilance Liu et al. (2019).

Figure 3: From Liu et al. (2019); living somewhere high in collectivism (which is associated with rice agriculture) is also associated with suspicion regarding other people in the in-group. Suggestive moral: people who need to work together to survive, learn to stay together using mistrust and coercion.

2 Pluralism

See pluralism.

3 Ecologies of communities

DRMacIver: Ladders between communities:

There’s a term of art I use, “communities of last resort”, which basically means communities that will take anyone as long as they can put up with the community. I have in mind places like 4chan, and some of the other forums of that ilk. They’re not good places, but for people who need a community of people who understand them, they’re often the only option, and they’re often surprisingly valuable. I definitely know people for whom 4chan was a positive and formative experience[…].

I think what we often need is ladders out of these communities, and people who are from communities in “the next level up” to help people out. Less Wrong has served as this for a lot of people—many people find Less Wrong hugely life improving, partly because they come from a 4chan or Something Awful background, and this is the next community up from that for them and is willing to both tolerate their initial undersocialisation and help them improve their life.

To consider: Communities that have flourished as minorities. Jews, expat Chinese, Mormons, Quakers. Should scientists count there? Rationalists?

Ecosystems of minority communities. de Tocqueville-style meshing subcultures possibly connect here.

4 Incoming

5 References

Aziz, and Brandl. 2012. Existence of Stability in Hedonic Coalition Formation Games.”
Baldassarri, and Grossman. 2013. The Effect of Group Attachment and Social Position on Prosocial Behavior. Evidence from Lab-in-the-Field Experiments.” Edited by Angel Sánchez. PLoS ONE.
Bergstrom. 2002. Evolution of Social Behavior: Individual and Group Selection.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives.
Bowles. 2001. Individual Interactions, Group Conflicts, and the Evolution of Preferences.” Social Dynamics.
Bowles, Choi, and Hopfensitz. 2003. The Co-Evolution of Individual Behaviors and Social Institutions.” Journal of Theoretical Biology.
Boyd, and Richerson. 1992. Punishment Allows the Evolution of Cooperation (or Anything Else) in Sizable Groups.” Ethology and Sociobiology.
Brandt, and Bullinger. 2022. Finding and Recognizing Popular Coalition Structures.” Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research.
Cheng, Tracy, and Henrich. 2010. Pride, Personality, and the Evolutionary Foundations of Human Social Status.” Evolution and Human Behavior.
Couzin, Ioannou, Demirel, et al. 2011. Uninformed Individuals Promote Democratic Consensus in Animal Groups.” Science.
Diamond. 2004. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed.
Dowding. 2016. Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States.” In Albert O. Hirschman,.
Dunbar. 1993. Coevolution of Neocortex Size, Group Size and Language in Humans.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
Ehrlich, and Levin. 2005. “The Evolution of Norms.” PloS Biology.
Fu, and Wang. 2008. Coevolutionary Dynamics of Opinions and Networks: From Diversity to Uniformity.” Physical Review E.
Gilens, and Page. 2014. Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens.” Perspectives on Politics.
Gordon. 2014. The Ecology of Collective Behavior.” PLoS Biol.
Goswami. 2020. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (1983).” Public Culture.
Greenhill, Wu, Hua, et al. 2017. Evolutionary Dynamics of Language Systems.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Hauert, Monte, Hofbauer, et al. 2002. Volunteering as Red Queen Mechanism for Cooperation in Public Goods Games.” Science.
Hawkins, Yudkin, Juan-Torres, et al. 2019. Hidden Tribes: A Study of America’s Polarized Landscape.” Preprint.
Henrich, and Boyd. 1998. The Evolution of Conformist Transmission and the Emergence of Between-Group Differences.” Evolution and Human Behavior.
Hirschman. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States.
Horst, Kirman, and Teschl. 2007. Changing Identity: The Emergence of Social Groups.” Economics Working Paper 0078.
Lena. 2012. Banding Together: How Communities Create Genres in Popular Music.
Liu, Morris, Talhelm, et al. 2019. Ingroup Vigilance in Collectivistic Cultures.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Maerz. 2019. Simulating Pluralism: The Language of Democracy in Hegemonic Authoritarianism.” Political Research Exchange.
Maner. 2017. Dominance and Prestige: A Tale of Two Hierarchies.” Current Directions in Psychological Science.
Mäs, Flache, and Helbing. 2010. Individualization as Driving Force of Clustering Phenomena in Humans.” PLoS Comput Biol.
Mäs, Flache, Takács, et al. 2013. In the Short Term We Divide, in the Long Term We Unite: Demographic Crisscrossing and the Effects of Faultlines on Subgroup Polarization.” Organization Science.
Murphy. 2020. Markets Against Modernity: Ecological Irrationality, Public and Private. Capitalist Thought : Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics.
Nowak. 2006. Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation.” Science.
Pavlogiannis, Tkadlec, Chatterjee, et al. 2018. Construction of Arbitrarily Strong Amplifiers of Natural Selection Using Evolutionary Graph Theory.” Communications Biology.
Rao. 2005. Symbolic Public Goods and the Coordination of Collective Action: A Comparison of Local Development in India and Indonesia.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
Richerson, Peter J., and Boyd. 2001. The Evolution of Subjective Commitment to Groups: A Tribal Instincts Hypothesis.” Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment.
Richerson, Peter J, Boyd, and Henrich. 2003. “Cultural Evolution of Human Cooperation.” Genetic and Cultural Evolution of Cooperation.
Schimmack, Oishi, and Diener. 2005. Individualism: A Valid and Important Dimension of Cultural Differences Between Nations.” Personality and Social Psychology Review.
Smith, and Kirby. 2008. Cultural Evolution: Implications for Understanding the Human Language Faculty and Its Evolution.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
Talhelm, Thomas, and Dong. 2024. People Quasi-Randomly Assigned to Farm Rice Are More Collectivistic Than People Assigned to Farm Wheat.” Nature Communications.
Talhelm, Thomas, and Oishi. 2018. How Rice Farming Shaped Culture in Southern China.” In Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology: Social, Ecological, and Cultural Perspectives.
Talhelm, T., Zhang, Oishi, et al. 2014. Large-Scale Psychological Differences Within China Explained by Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture.” Science.
van den Bergh, and Gowdy. 2009. A Group Selection Perspective on Economic Behavior, Institutions and Organizations.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.
Waldrop. 2021. News Feature: Modeling the Power of Polarization.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Wilton, Apfelbaum, and Good. 2019. Valuing Differences and Reinforcing Them: Multiculturalism Increases Race Essentialism.” Social Psychological and Personality Science.
Young. 2011. The Dynamics of Social Innovation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.