The traditional means of emulating a complicated model is to find an approximation to it by using some kind of dominant subspace to summarize the behaviour of the model.
A highly developed, powerful field with dense jargon.
1 References
Amsallem, Zahr, and Farhat. 2012. “Nonlinear Model Order Reduction Based on Local Reduced-Order Bases.” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering.
Ghattas, and Willcox. 2021. “Learning Physics-Based Models from Data: Perspectives from Inverse Problems and Model Reduction.” Acta Numerica.
Gladish, Pagendam, Peeters, et al. 2018. “Emulation Engines: Choice and Quantification of Uncertainty for Complex Hydrological Models.” Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics.
Peherstorfer, and Willcox. 2015. “Dynamic Data-Driven Reduced-Order Models.” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.
Pestourie, Mroueh, Rackauckas, et al. 2022. “Physics-Enhanced Deep Surrogates for PDEs.”
Siade, Cui, Karelse, et al. 2020. “Reduced‐Dimensional Gaussian Process Machine Learning for Groundwater Allocation Planning Using Swarm Theory.” Water Resources Research.
Zahr, and Farhat. 2015. “Progressive Construction of a Parametric Reduced-Order Model for PDE-Constrained Optimization.” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering.